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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Fundamental series ： ウィキペディア英語版 Fundamental series The fundamental series is a set of spectra lines in a set caused by transition between d and f orbitals in atoms. Originally the series was discovered in the infrared by Fowler and independently by Arno Bergmann. This resulted in the name Bergmann series used for such a set of lines in a spectrum. However the name was changed as Bergmann also discovered other series of lines. And other discoverers also established other such series. They became known as the fundamental series. Bergmann observed lithium at 5347 cm−1, sodium at 5416 cm−1 potassium at 6592 cm−1.〔 Bergmann observed that the lines in the series in the caesium spectrum were double. His discovery was announced in ''Contributions to the Knowledge of the Infra-Red Emission Spectra of the Alkalies'', Jena 1907. Carl Runge called this series the "new series". He predicted that the lines of potassium and rubidium would be in pairs.〔 He expressed the frequencies of the series lines by a formula and predicted a connection of the series limit to the other known series. In 1909 W. M. Hicks produced approximate formulas for the various series and noticed that this series had a simpler formula than the others and thus called it the "fundamental series" and used the letter F.〔 The formula that more resembled the hydrogen spectrum calculations was because of a smaller quantum defect. There is no physical basis to call this fundamental. The fundamental series was described as badly-named.〔 〕 It is the last spectroscopic series to have a special designation.〔 The next series involving transitions between F and G subshells is known as the FG series.〔 Frequencies of the lines in the series are given by this formula: $v=\backslash frac-\backslash frac\; with\; \backslash \; m=4,5,6,...$ R is the Rydberg correction. $T\_=\backslash frac$ is the series limit, represented by ''3D''. $\backslash frac$ is represented by ''mF''. A shortened formula is then given by $v=3D-mF$ with values of m being integers from 4 upwards.〔 The two numbers separated by the "−" are called terms, that represent the energy level of an atom. The limit of the fundamental series is the same as the 3D level.〔 The terms can have different designations, mF for single line systems, mΦ for doublets and mf for triplets. Lines in the fundamental series are split into compound doublets, due to the D and F subshells having different spin possibilities. The splitting of the D subshell is very small and that of the F subshell even less so, so the fine structure in the fundamental series is harder to resolve than that in the sharp or diffuse series. ==Lithium== The quantum defect for lithium is 0.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fundamental series」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.